Search Results (26160 CVEs found)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2023-54294 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: md/raid10: fix memleak of md thread In raid10_run(), if setup_conf() succeed and raid10_run() failed before setting 'mddev->thread', then in the error path 'conf->thread' is not freed. Fix the problem by setting 'mddev->thread' right after setup_conf().
CVE-2023-54293 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bcache: fixup btree_cache_wait list damage We get a kernel crash about "list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (ffff9c801bc01210), but was ffff9c77b688237c. (next=ffffae586d8afe68)." crash> struct list_head 0xffff9c801bc01210 struct list_head { next = 0xffffae586d8afe68, prev = 0xffffae586d8afe68 } crash> struct list_head 0xffff9c77b688237c struct list_head { next = 0x0, prev = 0x0 } crash> struct list_head 0xffffae586d8afe68 struct list_head struct: invalid kernel virtual address: ffffae586d8afe68 type: "gdb_readmem_callback" Cannot access memory at address 0xffffae586d8afe68 [230469.019492] Call Trace: [230469.032041] prepare_to_wait+0x8a/0xb0 [230469.044363] ? bch_btree_keys_free+0x6c/0xc0 [escache] [230469.056533] mca_cannibalize_lock+0x72/0x90 [escache] [230469.068788] mca_alloc+0x2ae/0x450 [escache] [230469.080790] bch_btree_node_get+0x136/0x2d0 [escache] [230469.092681] bch_btree_check_thread+0x1e1/0x260 [escache] [230469.104382] ? finish_wait+0x80/0x80 [230469.115884] ? bch_btree_check_recurse+0x1a0/0x1a0 [escache] [230469.127259] kthread+0x112/0x130 [230469.138448] ? kthread_flush_work_fn+0x10/0x10 [230469.149477] ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 bch_btree_check_thread() and bch_dirty_init_thread() may call mca_cannibalize() to cannibalize other cached btree nodes. Only one thread can do it at a time, so the op of other threads will be added to the btree_cache_wait list. We must call finish_wait() to remove op from btree_cache_wait before free it's memory address. Otherwise, the list will be damaged. Also should call bch_cannibalize_unlock() to release the btree_cache_alloc_lock and wake_up other waiters.
CVE-2022-50618 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mmc: meson-gx: fix return value check of mmc_add_host() mmc_add_host() may return error, if we ignore its return value, it will lead two issues: 1. The memory that allocated in mmc_alloc_host() is leaked. 2. In the remove() path, mmc_remove_host() will be called to delete device, but it's not added yet, it will lead a kernel crash because of null-ptr-deref in device_del(). Fix this by checking the return value and goto error path which will call mmc_free_host().
CVE-2022-50639 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io-wq: Fix memory leak in worker creation If the CPU mask allocation for a node fails, then the memory allocated for the 'io_wqe' struct of the current node doesn't get freed on the error handling path, since it has not yet been added to the 'wqes' array. This was spotted when fuzzing v6.1-rc1 with Syzkaller: BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff8880093d5000 (size 1024): comm "syz-executor.2", pid 7701, jiffies 4295048595 (age 13.900s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<00000000cb463369>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x18e/0x720 [<00000000147a3f9c>] kmalloc_node_trace+0x2a/0x130 [<000000004e107011>] io_wq_create+0x7b9/0xdc0 [<00000000c38b2018>] io_uring_alloc_task_context+0x31e/0x59d [<00000000867399da>] __io_uring_add_tctx_node.cold+0x19/0x1ba [<000000007e0e7a79>] io_uring_setup.cold+0x1b80/0x1dce [<00000000b545e9f6>] __x64_sys_io_uring_setup+0x5d/0x80 [<000000008a8a7508>] do_syscall_64+0x5d/0x90 [<000000004ac08bec>] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
CVE-2022-50644 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: ti: dra7-atl: Fix reference leak in of_dra7_atl_clk_probe pm_runtime_get_sync() will increment pm usage counter. Forgetting to putting operation will result in reference leak. Add missing pm_runtime_put_sync in some error paths.
CVE-2022-50645 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: EDAC/i10nm: fix refcount leak in pci_get_dev_wrapper() As the comment of pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot() says, it returns a PCI device with refcount incremented, so it doesn't need to call an extra pci_dev_get() in pci_get_dev_wrapper(), and the PCI device needs to be put in the error path.
CVE-2022-50809 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xhci: dbc: Fix memory leak in xhci_alloc_dbc() If DbC is already in use, then the allocated memory for the xhci_dbc struct doesn't get freed before returning NULL, which leads to a memleak.
CVE-2022-50814 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: hisilicon/zip - fix mismatch in get/set sgl_sge_nr KASAN reported this Bug: [17619.659757] BUG: KASAN: global-out-of-bounds in param_get_int+0x34/0x60 [17619.673193] Read of size 4 at addr fffff01332d7ed00 by task read_all/1507958 ... [17619.698934] The buggy address belongs to the variable: [17619.708371] sgl_sge_nr+0x0/0xffffffffffffa300 [hisi_zip] There is a mismatch in hisi_zip when get/set the variable sgl_sge_nr. The type of sgl_sge_nr is u16, and get/set sgl_sge_nr by param_get/set_int. Replacing param_get/set_int to param_get/set_ushort can fix this bug.
CVE-2022-50823 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: tegra: Fix refcount leak in tegra114_clock_init of_find_matching_node() returns a node pointer with refcount incremented, we should use of_node_put() on it when not need anymore. Add missing of_node_put() to avoid refcount leak.
CVE-2025-40238 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: Fix IPsec cleanup over MPV device When we do mlx5e_detach_netdev() we eventually disable blocking events notifier, among those events are IPsec MPV events from IB to core. So before disabling those blocking events, make sure to also unregister the devcom device and mark all this device operations as complete, in order to prevent the other device from using invalid netdev during future devcom events which could cause the trace below. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000010 PGD 146427067 P4D 146427067 PUD 146488067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7735 Comm: devlink Tainted: GW 6.12.0-rc6_for_upstream_min_debug_2024_11_08_00_46 #1 Tainted: [W]=WARN Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:mlx5_devcom_comp_set_ready+0x5/0x40 [mlx5_core] Code: 00 01 48 83 05 23 32 1e 00 01 41 b8 ed ff ff ff e9 60 ff ff ff 48 83 05 00 32 1e 00 01 eb e3 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 <48> 8b 47 10 48 83 05 5f 32 1e 00 01 48 8b 50 40 48 85 d2 74 05 40 RSP: 0018:ffff88811a5c35f8 EFLAGS: 00010206 RAX: ffff888106e8ab80 RBX: ffff888107d7e200 RCX: ffff88810d6f0a00 RDX: ffff88810d6f0a00 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffff88811a17e620 R08: 0000000000000040 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff88811a5c3618 R11: 0000000de85d51bd R12: ffff88811a17e600 R13: ffff88810d6f0a00 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff8881034bda80 FS: 00007f27bdf89180(0000) GS:ffff88852c880000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000010 CR3: 000000010f159005 CR4: 0000000000372eb0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __die+0x20/0x60 ? page_fault_oops+0x150/0x3e0 ? exc_page_fault+0x74/0x130 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 ? mlx5_devcom_comp_set_ready+0x5/0x40 [mlx5_core] mlx5e_devcom_event_mpv+0x42/0x60 [mlx5_core] mlx5_devcom_send_event+0x8c/0x170 [mlx5_core] blocking_event+0x17b/0x230 [mlx5_core] notifier_call_chain+0x35/0xa0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3d/0x60 mlx5_blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x22/0x30 [mlx5_core] mlx5_core_mp_event_replay+0x12/0x20 [mlx5_core] mlx5_ib_bind_slave_port+0x228/0x2c0 [mlx5_ib] mlx5_ib_stage_init_init+0x664/0x9d0 [mlx5_ib] ? idr_alloc_cyclic+0x50/0xb0 ? __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x167/0x340 ? __kmalloc_noprof+0x1a7/0x430 __mlx5_ib_add+0x34/0xd0 [mlx5_ib] mlx5r_probe+0xe9/0x310 [mlx5_ib] ? kernfs_add_one+0x107/0x150 ? __mlx5_ib_add+0xd0/0xd0 [mlx5_ib] auxiliary_bus_probe+0x3e/0x90 really_probe+0xc5/0x3a0 ? driver_probe_device+0x90/0x90 __driver_probe_device+0x80/0x160 driver_probe_device+0x1e/0x90 __device_attach_driver+0x7d/0x100 bus_for_each_drv+0x80/0xd0 __device_attach+0xbc/0x1f0 bus_probe_device+0x86/0xa0 device_add+0x62d/0x830 __auxiliary_device_add+0x3b/0xa0 ? auxiliary_device_init+0x41/0x90 add_adev+0xd1/0x150 [mlx5_core] mlx5_rescan_drivers_locked+0x21c/0x300 [mlx5_core] esw_mode_change+0x6c/0xc0 [mlx5_core] mlx5_devlink_eswitch_mode_set+0x21e/0x640 [mlx5_core] devlink_nl_eswitch_set_doit+0x60/0xe0 genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0xd0/0x120 genl_rcv_msg+0x180/0x2b0 ? devlink_get_from_attrs_lock+0x170/0x170 ? devlink_nl_eswitch_get_doit+0x290/0x290 ? devlink_nl_pre_doit_port_optional+0x50/0x50 ? genl_family_rcv_msg_dumpit+0xf0/0xf0 netlink_rcv_skb+0x54/0x100 genl_rcv+0x24/0x40 netlink_unicast+0x1fc/0x2d0 netlink_sendmsg+0x1e4/0x410 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x60 ? sockfd_lookup_light+0x12/0x60 __sys_sendto+0x105/0x160 ? __sys_recvmsg+0x4e/0x90 __x64_sys_sendto+0x20/0x30 do_syscall_64+0x4c/0x100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 RIP: 0033:0x7f27bc91b13a Code: bb 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 8b 05 fa 96 2c 00 45 89 c9 4c 63 d1 48 63 ff 85 c0 75 15 b8 2c 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff ---truncated---
CVE-2025-40230 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: prevent poison consumption when splitting THP When performing memory error injection on a THP (Transparent Huge Page) mapped to userspace on an x86 server, the kernel panics with the following trace. The expected behavior is to terminate the affected process instead of panicking the kernel, as the x86 Machine Check code can recover from an in-userspace #MC. mce: [Hardware Error]: CPU 0: Machine Check Exception: f Bank 3: bd80000000070134 mce: [Hardware Error]: RIP 10:<ffffffff8372f8bc> {memchr_inv+0x4c/0xf0} mce: [Hardware Error]: TSC afff7bbff88a ADDR 1d301b000 MISC 80 PPIN 1e741e77539027db mce: [Hardware Error]: PROCESSOR 0:d06d0 TIME 1758093249 SOCKET 0 APIC 0 microcode 80000320 mce: [Hardware Error]: Run the above through 'mcelog --ascii' mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine check: Data load in unrecoverable area of kernel Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal local machine check The root cause of this panic is that handling a memory failure triggered by an in-userspace #MC necessitates splitting the THP. The splitting process employs a mechanism, implemented in try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(), which reads the pages in the THP to identify zero-filled pages. However, reading the pages in the THP results in a second in-kernel #MC, occurring before the initial memory_failure() completes, ultimately leading to a kernel panic. See the kernel panic call trace on the two #MCs. First Machine Check occurs // [1] memory_failure() // [2] try_to_split_thp_page() split_huge_page() split_huge_page_to_list_to_order() __folio_split() // [3] remap_page() remove_migration_ptes() remove_migration_pte() try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage() // [4] memchr_inv() // [5] Second Machine Check occurs // [6] Kernel panic [1] Triggered by accessing a hardware-poisoned THP in userspace, which is typically recoverable by terminating the affected process. [2] Call folio_set_has_hwpoisoned() before try_to_split_thp_page(). [3] Pass the RMP_USE_SHARED_ZEROPAGE remap flag to remap_page(). [4] Try to map the unused THP to zeropage. [5] Re-access pages in the hw-poisoned THP in the kernel. [6] Triggered in-kernel, leading to a panic kernel. In Step[2], memory_failure() sets the poisoned flag on the page in the THP by TestSetPageHWPoison() before calling try_to_split_thp_page(). As suggested by David Hildenbrand, fix this panic by not accessing to the poisoned page in the THP during zeropage identification, while continuing to scan unaffected pages in the THP for possible zeropage mapping. This prevents a second in-kernel #MC that would cause kernel panic in Step[4]. Thanks to Andrew Zaborowski for his initial work on fixing this issue.
CVE-2022-50832 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: wilc1000: fix potential memory leak in wilc_mac_xmit() The wilc_mac_xmit() returns NETDEV_TX_OK without freeing skb, add dev_kfree_skb() to fix it. Compile tested only.
CVE-2022-50837 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: dsa: tag_8021q: avoid leaking ctx on dsa_tag_8021q_register() error path If dsa_tag_8021q_setup() fails, for example due to the inability of the device to install a VLAN, the tag_8021q context of the switch will leak. Make sure it is freed on the error path.
CVE-2025-40222 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tty: serial: sh-sci: fix RSCI FIFO overrun handling The receive error handling code is shared between RSCI and all other SCIF port types, but the RSCI overrun_reg is specified as a memory offset, while for other SCIF types it is an enum value used to index into the sci_port_params->regs array, as mentioned above the sci_serial_in() function. For RSCI, the overrun_reg is CSR (0x48), causing the sci_getreg() call inside the sci_handle_fifo_overrun() function to index outside the bounds of the regs array, which currently has a size of 20, as specified by SCI_NR_REGS. Because of this, we end up accessing memory outside of RSCI's rsci_port_params structure, which, when interpreted as a plat_sci_reg, happens to have a non-zero size, causing the following WARN when sci_serial_in() is called, as the accidental size does not match the supported register sizes. The existence of the overrun_reg needs to be checked because SCIx_SH3_SCIF_REGTYPE has overrun_reg set to SCLSR, but SCLSR is not present in the regs array. Avoid calling sci_getreg() for port types which don't use standard register handling. Use the ops->read_reg() and ops->write_reg() functions to properly read and write registers for RSCI, and change the type of the status variable to accommodate the 32-bit CSR register. sci_getreg() and sci_serial_in() are also called with overrun_reg in the sci_mpxed_interrupt() interrupt handler, but that code path is not used for RSCI, as it does not have a muxed interrupt. ------------[ cut here ]------------ Invalid register access WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 0 at drivers/tty/serial/sh-sci.c:522 sci_serial_in+0x38/0xac Modules linked in: renesas_usbhs at24 rzt2h_adc industrialio_adc sha256 cfg80211 bluetooth ecdh_generic ecc rfkill fuse drm backlight ipv6 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1+ #30 PREEMPT Hardware name: Renesas RZ/T2H EVK Board based on r9a09g077m44 (DT) pstate: 604000c5 (nZCv daIF +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : sci_serial_in+0x38/0xac lr : sci_serial_in+0x38/0xac sp : ffff800080003e80 x29: ffff800080003e80 x28: ffff800082195b80 x27: 000000000000000d x26: ffff8000821956d0 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff800082195b80 x23: ffff000180e0d800 x22: 0000000000000010 x21: 0000000000000000 x20: 0000000000000010 x19: ffff000180e72000 x18: 000000000000000a x17: ffff8002bcee7000 x16: ffff800080000000 x15: 0720072007200720 x14: 0720072007200720 x13: 0720072007200720 x12: 0720072007200720 x11: 0000000000000058 x10: 0000000000000018 x9 : ffff8000821a6a48 x8 : 0000000000057fa8 x7 : 0000000000000406 x6 : ffff8000821fea48 x5 : ffff00033ef88408 x4 : ffff8002bcee7000 x3 : ffff800082195b80 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff800082195b80 Call trace: sci_serial_in+0x38/0xac (P) sci_handle_fifo_overrun.isra.0+0x70/0x134 sci_er_interrupt+0x50/0x39c __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x48/0x140 handle_irq_event+0x44/0xb0 handle_fasteoi_irq+0xf4/0x1a0 handle_irq_desc+0x34/0x58 generic_handle_domain_irq+0x1c/0x28 gic_handle_irq+0x4c/0x140 call_on_irq_stack+0x30/0x48 do_interrupt_handler+0x80/0x84 el1_interrupt+0x34/0x68 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 el1h_64_irq+0x6c/0x70 default_idle_call+0x28/0x58 (P) do_idle+0x1f8/0x250 cpu_startup_entry+0x34/0x3c rest_init+0xd8/0xe0 console_on_rootfs+0x0/0x6c __primary_switched+0x88/0x90 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
CVE-2022-50843 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dm clone: Fix UAF in clone_dtr() Dm_clone also has the same UAF problem when dm_resume() and dm_destroy() are concurrent. Therefore, cancelling timer again in clone_dtr().
CVE-2022-50855 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: prevent leak of lsm program after failed attach In [0], we added the ability to bpf_prog_attach LSM programs to cgroups, but in our validation to make sure the prog is meant to be attached to BPF_LSM_CGROUP, we return too early if the check fails. This results in lack of decrementing prog's refcnt (through bpf_prog_put) leaving the LSM program alive past the point of the expected lifecycle. This fix allows for the decrement to take place. [0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220628174314.1216643-4-sdf@google.com/
CVE-2022-50866 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: pxa: fix null-pointer dereference in filter() kasprintf() would return NULL pointer when kmalloc() fail to allocate. Need to check the return pointer before calling strcmp().
CVE-2025-68797 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: char: applicom: fix NULL pointer dereference in ac_ioctl Discovered by Atuin - Automated Vulnerability Discovery Engine. In ac_ioctl, the validation of IndexCard and the check for a valid RamIO pointer are skipped when cmd is 6. However, the function unconditionally executes readb(apbs[IndexCard].RamIO + VERS) at the end. If cmd is 6, IndexCard may reference a board that does not exist (where RamIO is NULL), leading to a NULL pointer dereference. Fix this by skipping the readb access when cmd is 6, as this command is a global information query and does not target a specific board context.
CVE-2025-68343 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: gs_usb: gs_usb_receive_bulk_callback(): check actual_length before accessing header The driver expects to receive a struct gs_host_frame in gs_usb_receive_bulk_callback(). Use struct_group to describe the header of the struct gs_host_frame and check that we have at least received the header before accessing any members of it. To resubmit the URB, do not dereference the pointer chain "dev->parent->hf_size_rx" but use "parent->hf_size_rx" instead. Since "urb->context" contains "parent", it is always defined, while "dev" is not defined if the URB it too short.
CVE-2025-39992 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: swap: check for stable address space before operating on the VMA It is possible to hit a zero entry while traversing the vmas in unuse_mm() called from swapoff path and accessing it causes the OOPS: Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000446--> Loading the memory from offset 0x40 on the XA_ZERO_ENTRY as address. Mem abort info: ESR = 0x0000000096000005 EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits SET = 0, FnV = 0 EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 FSC = 0x05: level 1 translation fault The issue is manifested from the below race between the fork() on a process and swapoff: fork(dup_mmap()) swapoff(unuse_mm) --------------- ----------------- 1) Identical mtree is built using __mt_dup(). 2) copy_pte_range()--> copy_nonpresent_pte(): The dst mm is added into the mmlist to be visible to the swapoff operation. 3) Fatal signal is sent to the parent process(which is the current during the fork) thus skip the duplication of the vmas and mark the vma range with XA_ZERO_ENTRY as a marker for this process that helps during exit_mmap(). 4) swapoff is tried on the 'mm' added to the 'mmlist' as part of the 2. 5) unuse_mm(), that iterates through the vma's of this 'mm' will hit the non-NULL zero entry and operating on this zero entry as a vma is resulting into the oops. The proper fix would be around not exposing this partially-valid tree to others when droping the mmap lock, which is being solved with [1]. A simpler solution would be checking for MMF_UNSTABLE, as it is set if mm_struct is not fully initialized in dup_mmap(). Thanks to Liam/Lorenzo/David for all the suggestions in fixing this issue.