{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "cveMetadata": {"state": "PUBLISHED", "cveId": "CVE-2025-65855", "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "assignerShortName": "mitre", "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T16:52:08.227Z", "dateReserved": "2025-11-18T00:00:00.000Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-17T00:00:00.000Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "shortName": "mitre", "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T16:11:34.623Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device."}], "affected": [{"vendor": "n/a", "product": "n/a", "versions": [{"version": "n/a", "status": "affected"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/"}, {"url": "https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/"}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"type": "text", "lang": "en", "description": "n/a"}]}]}, "adp": [{"problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-798", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials"}]}, {"descriptions": [{"type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-494", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-494 Download of Code Without Integrity Check"}]}, {"descriptions": [{"type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-319", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-319 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 6.6, "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"}}, {"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2025-12-17T16:48:47.767332Z", "id": "CVE-2025-65855", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T16:52:08.227Z"}}]}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device."}], "id": "CVE-2025-65855", "lastModified": "2025-12-17T17:15:50.657", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 6.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 0.7, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2025-12-17T17:15:50.657", "references": [{"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/"}], "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-319"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-494"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-798"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

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