{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-40156", "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M", "dateReserved": "2026-04-09T19:31:56.014Z", "datePublished": "2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:36:51.249Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"title": "PraisonAI Affected by Implicit Execution of Arbitrary Code via Automatic `tools.py` Loading", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-94", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')", "type": "CWE"}]}, {"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-426", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-426: Untrusted Search Path", "type": "CWE"}]}, {"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-829", "lang": "en", "description": "CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere", "type": "CWE"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}}], "references": [{"name": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4"}], "affected": [{"vendor": "MervinPraison", "product": "PraisonAI", "versions": [{"version": "< 4.5.128", "status": "affected"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa", "shortName": "GitHub_M", "dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T16:46:15.807Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI automatically loads a file named tools.py from the current working directory to discover and register custom agent tools. This loading process uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and immediately executes module-level code via spec.loader.exec_module() without explicit user consent, validation, or sandboxing. The tools.py file is loaded implicitly, even when it is not referenced in configuration files or explicitly requested by the user. As a result, merely placing a file named tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior violates the expected security boundary between user-controlled project files (e.g., YAML configurations) and executable code, as untrusted content in the working directory is treated as trusted and executed automatically. If an attacker can place a malicious tools.py file into a directory where a user or automated system (e.g., CI/CD pipeline) runs praisonai, arbitrary code execution occurs immediately upon startup, before any agent logic begins. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128."}], "source": {"advisory": "GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4", "discovery": "UNKNOWN"}}, "adp": [{"references": [{"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2g3w-cpc4-chr4", "tags": ["exploit"]}], "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-04-13T15:29:56.528951Z", "id": "CVE-2026-40156", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:36:51.249Z"}}]}}

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{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,4.5.128)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "PraisonAI", "source": "cna", "vendor": "MervinPraison"}, "product": "praisonai", "vendor": "mervinpraison"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-10T18:50:46.101691+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Upgrade PraisonAI to version 4.5.128 or later to stop the automatic execution of tools.py."], "summary": {"action": "Immediate Patch", "impact": "Remote Code Execution"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "The vulnerability applies to MervinPraison\u2019s PraisonAI product in all releases prior to version 4.5.128. Users running any older version are exposed when a tools.py file exists in the directory where PraisonAI is executed.", "description_and_impact": "PraisonAI automatically loads and executes a file named tools.py from the current working directory during startup. The loader uses importlib.util.spec_from_file_location and runs module\u2011level code without any user consent, validation, or sandboxing. Because the file is loaded implicitly and even if it is not referenced in configuration files, placing a malicious tools.py in the working directory is sufficient to trigger code execution. This behavior breaks the expected security boundary between user\u2011controlled project files and executable code.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score of 7.8 indicates high severity. No EPSS score is reported, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Exploitation requires the ability to place a tools.py file in the working directory, such as through compromised write permissions or insecure CI/CD configurations. The combination of a high CVSS rating and the potential for automated code execution makes this a notable risk that demands timely remediation."}}}}, "created": "2026-04-13T12:43:51.443889+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-13T13:00:18.798268+00:00", "vendors": ["mervinpraison", "mervinpraison$PRODUCT$praisonai"]}