{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-91006", "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "apache", "dateReserved": "2026-09-14T15:56:23.927Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T13:10:12.951Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "shortName": "apache", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z"}, "title": "Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')", "lang": "en", "cweId": "CWE-78", "type": "CWE"}]}], "source": {"defect": ["https://github.com/apache/karaf/pull/2878"], "advisory": "https://karaf.apache.org/security/cve-2026-91006.txt", "discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "affected": [{"vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "product": "Apache Karaf", "packageName": "org.apache.karaf:org.apache.karaf.instance.core", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4.12", "versionType": "semver"}], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}], "descriptions": [{"value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through\u00a0/bin/sh\u00a0(Unix) or\u00a0cscript\u00a0(Windows). The caller-supplied\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;,\u00a0|,\u00a0`,\u00a0$(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands\u00a0instance:create,\u00a0instance:start,\u00a0instance:restart,\u00a0instance:change-opts, and the equivalent\u00a0InstanceMBean\u00a0JMX operations (createInstance,\u00a0startInstance,\u00a0changeJavaOpts,\u00a0cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation\u00a0 * Set\u00a0karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin\u00a0in\u00a0etc/system.properties\u00a0to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n * Restrict which principals can reach\u00a0instance:*\u00a0commands and\u00a0InstancesMBean\u00a0via\u00a0etc/users.properties\u00a0role assignments.\n * Treat\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean\u00a0as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.", "lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"type": "text/html", "base64": false, "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (<code>InstanceServiceImpl</code>) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through&nbsp;<code>/bin/sh&nbsp;</code>(Unix) or&nbsp;<code>cscript</code>&nbsp;(Windows). The caller-supplied&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (<code>;</code>,&nbsp;<code>|</code>,&nbsp;<code>`</code>,&nbsp;<code>$(...)</code>) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.<div><br></div><div>Reachable via the shell commands&nbsp;<code>instance:create</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:start</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:restart</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:change-opts</code>, and the equivalent&nbsp;<code>InstanceMBean</code>&nbsp;JMX operations (<code>createInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>startInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>changeJavaOpts</code>,&nbsp;<code>cloneInstance</code>).</div><h3>Mitigation&nbsp;</h3><div><ul><li>Set&nbsp;<code>karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin</code>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<code>etc/system.properties</code>&nbsp;to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.</li><li>Restrict which principals can reach&nbsp;<code>instance:*</code>&nbsp;commands and&nbsp;<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;via&nbsp;<code>etc/users.properties</code>&nbsp;role assignments.</li><li>Treat&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;passed to i<code>nstance:create</code>/<code>instance:start</code>/<code>instance:change-opts</code>/<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.</li></ul></div><div><br></div>"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"]}], "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "Textual description of severity", "content": {"text": "moderate"}}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "n0mi1k <nomilksec@gmail.com>", "type": "reporter"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.3"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T13:10:12.951Z"}}]}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "packageName": "org.apache.karaf:org.apache.karaf.instance.core", "product": "Apache Karaf", "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "versions": [{"lessThan": "4.4.12", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "security@apache.org"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through\u00a0/bin/sh\u00a0(Unix) or\u00a0cscript\u00a0(Windows). The caller-supplied\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;,\u00a0|,\u00a0`,\u00a0$(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands\u00a0instance:create,\u00a0instance:start,\u00a0instance:restart,\u00a0instance:change-opts, and the equivalent\u00a0InstanceMBean\u00a0JMX operations (createInstance,\u00a0startInstance,\u00a0changeJavaOpts,\u00a0cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation\u00a0 * Set\u00a0karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin\u00a0in\u00a0etc/system.properties\u00a0to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n * Restrict which principals can reach\u00a0instance:*\u00a0commands and\u00a0InstancesMBean\u00a0via\u00a0etc/users.properties\u00a0role assignments.\n * Treat\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean\u00a0as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators."}], "id": "CVE-2026-91006", "lastModified": "2026-09-28T14:17:22.283", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-09-28T11:16:48.200", "references": [{"source": "security@apache.org", "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security@apache.org", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-78"}], "source": "security@apache.org", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,4.4.12)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 95.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 95.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Apache Karaf", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation"}, "product": "karaf", "vendor": "apache"}], "created": "2026-09-28T12:30:17.086687+00:00", "updated": "2026-09-28T13:00:15.532251+00:00", "vendors": ["apache", "apache$PRODUCT$karaf"]}